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Determination of nutritional values and antioxidant capacity of different edible roots
Ciffrová, Karolína ; Bendová, Agáta (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with selected edible roots, their nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and use in healthy eating. Eight selected edible roots were analyzed: type A, B and C potatoes, red potatoes, sweet potatoes, and purple potatoes were selected as representatives of potatoes. Jerusalem artichoke and cassava represent the other two root crops. The theoretical section of the thesis describes the basic characteristics of root crops, as well as the description and composition of the nutritional substances they contain, i.e. proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and antioxidant properties. The general characteristics of the methods used for analysis are also described here. The experimental part is based on specific analyses, procedures, results, chemicals and laboratory equipment used to determine the basic nutritional values and antioxidant capacity of these selected root vegetables. First, the total dry matter content was established to be about 23 % in the selected root crops. Higher dry matter content was determined for the cassava at 35 %. Crude protein content determined by the Kjeldahl method ranges from 6.5-9.9 %. The gravimetrically determined fiber in the given root crops was in the range of 0.27–0.91 %. The starch content is significantly higher in the cassava (46 %) than in other root crops. The inulin content was determined in sweet potatoes and Jerusalem artichokes instead of starch content; this value is significant for the Jerusalem artichoke (258.58 g/kg). Fat content in grams per 100 grams of dry matter was determined by Soxhlet extraction. Significant fat content was determined for sweet potatoes (12.6 g/100 g). From the extracted fats, the fatty acid profile was determined for individual root vegetables, such as the content of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Total and reducing carbohydrates, determined by the spectrophotometric method, were measured separately in the peel and pulp of the root crops. Antioxidant capacity was determined using antioxidant activity values, polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations. Of the vitamins, vitamin C was determined, vitamin E only in type B, C and purple potatoes. For sweet potatoes, beta-carotene was determined to be 540.56 g/g. The measured and calculated results are plotted in graphs. Finally, there is a discussion of the conclusions of the individual methods.
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Biology and control of weeds in root crops (Solanum tuberosum Wild.)
SAMOHEJL, Petr
In the theoretical part, agricultural techniques in the cultivation of potatoes were described and selected weed species were characterized, those that cause damage not only regarding root crops. Chemical protection is currently considered to be an important and most represented method for the regulation of weed species. It resides in the use of plant protecting herbicide products to limit the population of weed species below the economic hazard threshold. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis is focused on monitoring the biology and regulation of weeds in the cultivation of root crops (Solanum tuberosum Wild.). On an experimental plot of land managed by the Samohejl family near the village of Malešice (district České Budějovice) in the South Bohemian Region. Three potato varieties (Adéla, Belana, Marabel) and three different herbicides (Arcade 880 WG, Mistral and Sencor Liquid) were compared and the yield of tubers of cultivated potato varieties was monitored at the same time. The results showed that the effect was different for each herbicide. Due to their active substance (metribuzin), the small effect of these products was manifested on sow thistle and creeping spider. As a secondary result, the yield of tubers of individual varieties of potatoes in different treatments was monitored, when individual varieties responded to different herbicide treatments and thus provided different yields in these cases.
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